Big Idea 1
This long-haired German Shepherd's ancestors had adapted to the cold and snowy weather of German winters by growing thicker fur and shedding often in order to counteract the cold.
3. Adaptation of a Plant
Many plants, such as the ones in the photo, have adapted to better survive in their environment. These plants live in the American River, and have adapted in multiple ways. First, their stems are flexible in order to move with the water current more easily. They also have less or no roots, as roots are no longer used for absorption of nutrients and water, and only used for anchorage. Instead, the water and nutrients are absorbed directly from the water.
This chicken egg is an example of an amniotic egg. Amniotic eggs are eggs that are adapted to survive in terrestrial environments. They are laid by all birds and many reptiles. The membranes inside of the egg prevent the embryo from drying out, dispose of waste, and ensure that the embryo has a supply of nutrients.
This bird from the Folsom Zoo is a classic example of analogous structure. Analogous structures are structures of different species that serve a similar purpose, but are not of the same evolutionary origin. Birds, like bats and some insects, have wings. However, birds evolved separately from bats and insects, meaning that they do not share a common ancestor.
An angiosperm is a flowering plant, as shown in the picture. These plants are the most diverse group of plants on the planet. They include any plant that produces its seeds within an enclosure, and are also known by the name of fruiting plants.
The black spots in the picture are ants. Ants are a type of arthropod, meaning they belong to the phylum Arthropoda. This phylum includes insects, crustaceans, and arachnids. Distinct features of arthropods include jointed limbs and cuticles, or outer coverings of their bodies.
This Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is pure breed, and has been specifically breed to retain certain traits, such as its small size and large ears. This is method is called artificial selection, and is very common in domesticated animals.
14. Chordate
16. Coelomate
The coyote pictured is a coelomate, as are all vertebrates and most bilateral animals. A coelomate is an organism with a fluid-filled body cavity called a coelom, with a lining called peritoneum derived from mesoderm. This gives the organs the ability to be suspended in a specific arrangement while still being able to move freely within the coelom.
A deuterostome is any organism belonging to the superphylum Deutostomia, which includes the phylum Chordata. Chordata includes the tiny birds seen flying in this picture. Deuterostomes are opposed to the superphylum Protostome. The main differences between the two concern embryo development.
20. Fungi
This mushroom is a type of fungus. Fungus is set apart from plants, animals, and bacteria, and is part of the Kingdom Fungi. A main difference between Fungi and plants is in the material of their cell walls: the cell walls of Fungi are composed of chitin, while the cell walls of plants are composed of cellulose. While mushrooms are the most well-known form of fungi, yeasts and molds are also members of the Kingdom.
24. Gymnosperm Cone
The cones of a gymnosperm contain the reproductive systems of the gymnosperm. This, for example, is a conifer cone, and belongs to a pine tree near the shore of Lake Natoma. Gymnosperm cones can range in size and in shape, depending on whether the cone is male or female. The pictured cone is female.
25. Gymnosperm Leaves
The leaves of gymnosperms typically last longer than the average leaf, as most gymnosperms are evergreens. The leaves in this picture are long and needle-like, but they can also be flat and broad or short and scale-like.
26. Homologous Structure
The ducks pictured (not the rubber one) have homologous structures in common with bats, cats, and humans. A homologous structure is an organ shared between two species that is passed down from a common ancestor. The forelimb that is part of the duck's wing is homologous to the forelimb of bats, the limbs of cats, and the arms of humans.
27. Lichen
The green lichen in the picture is evidence of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner growing together. The photosynthetic partner is most commonly either green algae or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Lichens can grow in extreme circumstances, such as tundra or deserts, and are also found on branches and leaves.
34. Organisms in same class but different order (4)
A. Order Carnivora
The two snow leopards from the Sacramento Zoo belongs to the order Carnivora. The order Carnivora is part of the class Mammalia. The formal name given to members of this order is 'Carnivoran', although 'Carnivore' is popularly used as well. However, Carnivora does not include all carnivores, as carnivore refers to any meat-eater in general.
B. Order Lagomorpha
The rabbit pictured belongs to the order Lagomorpha, part of the class Mammalia. Lagomorpha includes hares, pikas, and rabbits. Lagomorpha are very similar superficilally to rodents, but are now not considered related. Some distinct characteristics of Lagomorpha are 4 incisors in their upper jaw and the fact that they are almost exclusively herbivores.
C. Order Perissodactyla
The order Perissodactyla belongs to the class Mammalia. Perissodactyla includes zebras, donkeys, horses, and tapirs. They are characterized by their hoofs. The symmetry of the hoofs passes through the third digit, on which the animals place their weight. They are very large, and are mostly grazers.
D. Order Artiodactyla
The Order Artiodactyla is part of the class Mammalia. Artiodactyla includes all even-toed ungulates, such as cows or giraffes. They are similar to the order Perissodactyla, but place their weight on the third an fourth digits, rather than just the third, as Perissodactyla do.
39. Tetrapod
40. Unicellular Organisms
Some species of algae, such as Acetabularia or Caulerpa, are unicellular, unlike the one pictured. While most unicellular organisms are invisible to the naked eye, unicellular algae is one of the few single-celled organisms that can be seen without the use of a microscope. Although unicellular organisms may sometimes live in colonies, they are still separate cells. This is true because each cell must carry out all of its own life processes by itself.
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