Diploid: Diploid cells have two copies of homologous chromosomes. Cells undergoing meiosis (at the beginning) will be diploid, and have 46 chromosomes. Also, cells not undergoing meiosis (almost all cells), will also be diploid. This ravaged horseradish plant likely has diploid cells, and if it doesn't, well let's not talk about that.
Ethylene: Is an existing substance which causes fruit to ripen. This banana is ripe, and therefore I thought it to be an appropriate example of ethylene.
Eukaryote: This leaf and this grass are eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are pretty much every living thing we can see. The distinguishing characteristic of the eukaryotic cell is the nucleus.
Haploid: A haploid cell is one which contains only one set of chromosomes, a cell undergoing mitosis, specifically a gamete, is haploid. Once again, I assume this tree has haploid cells.
Gamete: A gamete is an egg or sperm which must join with the other of the pair, which would be the one which it is not. This is called fertilization. When fertilization occurs, a zygote is formed and a new organism grows. Hopefully this tree here has some gametes somewhere in it.
Herbivory response: A herbivory response is an adaption of plant that allows it to combat herbivores attempting to consume it. An example is an acorn, which can kill a human who attempts to eat it, thereby preventing its consumption by the aforementioned human.
Mitosis: mitosis is the process of cell division in eukaryotes. In general, the cell splits into two creating two identical daughter cells. Specifically the cell will replicate its DNA in order to have enough for both new cells. Next the nuclear envelope will dissolve, while centromeres will prepare to extend pieces of the cytoskeleton to attach to the chromosomes. This they will do, one on each side. The chromosomes will line up at the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell, and then be pulled in two by the centromeres. Then, the DNA will be divided between the two halves of the cell, which will now split using a cleavage furrow if it is an animal cell, or by constructing a new cell wall if it is a plant cell. Theoretically, this plant is undergoing mitosis; however, it is also possible that at the exact moment I took this picture not one of its cells was undergoing mitosis (Absurdly unlikely).
Meiosis: Essentially, meiosis produces four gametes. This plant hopefully is undergoing meiosis, otherwise this picture is an incredibly poor representation of that phenomenon.
Phenotype: An organisms phenotype is its appearance. I could have used pretty much any picture at all for the word. The phenotype is a reflection of the genotype, which is the genetic sequence used to determine what proteins to make, which translates into a particular appearance, hence the phenotype.
Prokaryotes: This unsightly image is that of canine feces. If you were to closely examine the fecal matter, you would likely encounter a large number of prokaryotes, also known as bacteria. A large number (more than seven) of bacteria live inside our bodies, and when we make scat some would undoubtedly come out along with it.
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