1. Diploid: A diploid organism has two homologous copies of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father. In animals, the diploid number is twice the number of the chromosomes in their gametes. Because nearly all mammals are diploid with only a couple of exceptions, this orangutan is a diploid organism with a diploid number of 48 chromosomes.
2. Ethylene: Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon gas that is odorless and flammable. It is found in natural gas, and it also serves as a hormone in plants by stimulating or regulating the ripening of fruit. Because it acts as a regulating hormone in plants, ethylene is used widely in agriculture today to speed up the ripening process. Apples give off a lot of ethylene as they ripen, and thus apples stored with other fruits will cause the other fruits to ripen much faster.
3. Eukaryote: A eukaryotic organism is an organism whose cells are characterized by membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus that contains linear chromosomes made of DNA and proteins. All animals are eukaryotic organisms, and thus these zebras are eukaryotes, primarily because their cells contain a nucleus. Eukaryote literally means "good nuclei."
7. Evidence of Different Alleles: Alleles are alternate forms of a particular gene that occupy the same locus on a chromosome. Different combinations of alleles yield varying physical appearances or functional expressions of a trait. These flowering plants are both cyclamens; however, because they are different colors, there must be separate alleles that determine the way color is expressed in the flowers.
8. Flock, Herd, or Schooling: A flock is a number of animals of one kind that live, feed, and travel together, which is beneficial for foraging, protection, and mating. Though they are in a zoo, these flamingos are herded together in a flock rather than spread apart for the advantageous benefits that a flock provides.
10. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO): A Genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism that has had its genetic material altered such that the organism displays desirable traits and characteristics. Modification is achieved by the mutation, insertion, or deletion of certain genes. In 1994, "Flavr Savr" tomatoes became the first genetically modified crops for sale, and they were altered in order to greatly increase their shelf life. Tomatoes have been the symbol of genetic engineering since its beginning, and scientists are currently working on more techniques to make tomatoes disease and insect resistant.
14. Mitosis: Mitosis is the division of a cell into two identical daughter cells with the same genetic makeup and number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis is necessary for growth, development, and tissue renewal. The tips of these roots, which consists of the roots of a palm tree and various succulents, represent mitosis, as the cells of the roots are constantly dividing in search of water and nutrients.
18. Prokaryote:A prokaryotic cell is a cell that lacks a nucleus, has no membrane-bound organelles, and has DNA that exists as a single circular molecule in the nucleoid region of the cell. Prokaryotic organisms include bacteria and archaea, and they are mostly unicellular. Many types of bacteria are encouraged to grow on blue cheese, such as the bacterium Brevibacterium linens, which is responsible for the smell of many blue cheeses. This same bacterium is also responsible for foot odor in humans.
19. Seed Dispersal Method: A seed dispersal method is a way by which a seeds are transported or moved to new areas away from the parent plant. This Coyote Brush shrub has seeds that are aerodynamically designed to be blown long distances by the wind as a method of seed dispersion.
20. Tropism: Tropism refers to the orientation or turning of an organism towards an external stimulus. These cyprus trees on top of a cliff are orienting themselves towards the sunlight in order to maximize photosynthesis and thus to promote growth. This phenomenon is known as positive phototropism.
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