Big Idea 1

#2 Adaptation of An Animal: Adaptations of animals are adaptations that help the animal change to their environment. German Shepherds have developed a thick coat of fur as an adaptation for shelter and warmth.  

#3 Adaptation of A Plant: Adaptations of plants include changes in the plant to better suit its environment. The plumeria tree uses specific leaves to capture as much sunlight as possible while also minimizing the amount of wasted space and energy. 

#4 Amniotic Egg: Amniotic eggs are eggs that are laid on land instead of in water. A chicken egg was laid on land and is hence an amniotic egg, originating from a chicken.

#5 Analogous Structure: Analogous structures are structures that serve the save purpose but don't share a common ancestor. The wings of a peacock are analogous structures to those of an insect. 

#6 Angiosperm: An angiosperm is plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel. This orchid represents an angiosperm because it produces seeds enclosed within a carpel.  

#8 Arachnid: An arachnid is a joint-legged animal having a hard outer shell and four pairs of legs. A scorpion is joint-legged, has a hard outer shell, and four pairs of legs.

#11 Artificial Selection: Artificial selection occurs when only specific types of species are allow to breed with one another to create desirable progeny. Mandarin oranges originally were not supposed to contain seeds but now do because of artificial selection.

#12 Bilateral Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry is symmetry about a line that divides an object into two mirroring halves. A starfish exemplifies bilateral symmetry about the top leg ascending through the center of the starfish. 

#14 Chordate: A chordate is an animal that has a notochord, hollow dorsal nerve cord, and a post-anal tail for at least some time of their life. A deer is apart of the mammal kingdom, has a backbone, and is hence a chordate. 

#16 Coelomate: Coelomates are creatures containing a coelom or fluid-filled body cavity. A dried sea urchin is an example of an organism containing a coelom because it used to have a fluid-filled body cavity.

#20 Fungi: A fungus is a eukaryote containing cell walls made of chitin, lack chlorophyll, leaves, tree stems, and roots. Fungi also live as saprotrophs or parasites. A mushroom is an example of a type of fungi. 

#22 Genetic Variation: Genetic variation allows for the difference between organisms of the same species and for natural selection. This Nuttallanthus Canadensis can express pigments for almost any color imaginable, deeming them genetically varying. 

#24 Gymnosperm Cone: A gymnosperm cone is a cone produced from a plant that contains genetic information to produce offspring. A pinecone is an example of the genetic material of a tree being encompassed in the form of a cone to spur future progeny. 

#25 Gymnosperm Leaf: A gymnosperm leaf is a leaf containing the genetic material for a given plant. The leaves/pines of an evergreen tree hold the genetic information for procreation.

#26 Homologous Structure: Homologous structures are structures that share a common ancestry in different species. A human arm is a homologous structure because it is a commonly shared trait with the wings of a bat; yet the two are different species. 

#27 Lichen: Lichen is a slow-growing plant that attaches itself to trees, rocks, and other surfaces. Lichen is a simple plant that forms a crust-like figure. The fungus growing on an oak tree shows the composite and symbiotic relationship known as a Lichen. 

#36 Pseudocoelomate: Pseudocoelomates are body cavities filled with fluid in a multicellular organisms. Wolves are multicellular organisms and have fully functional body cavities which deem them pseudocoelomates. 

#38 Seedless Vascular Plant: Seedless vascular plants lack seeds and include a cuticle outer-layer. Seedless vascular plants reproduce via spores and produce neither seeds nor flowers. This Tweedia is a seedless vascular plant because it lacks seeds and don't flower. 

#39 Tetrapod: Tetrapods are four-legged animals that include all vertebrates above the fish. Wolfs are four-legged animals and are hence tetrapods. 

#41 Vestigial Structure: Vestigial structures are structures that serve no vital role in a given organism. The human appendix is an unnecessary structure and is often removed in humans (leaving scars on the lower abdomen as seen in the picture).