Friday, December 27, 2013

Big Idea 2

 
1)  Adhesion of water:  Adhesion allows polar water molecules to “stick” to other substances due to hydrogen bonding.  The water droplets visible in this picture are exhibiting adhesion to the leaves. 
 

2)  Anabolic:  Chemical reactions that are anabolic construct molecules from smaller units.  Living things such as this peacock build compounds through anabolic reactions.
 

3)  ATP:  Adenosine triphosphate is the main molecule used for short term energy storage in all living things.  This coyote is an example of an organism that produces ATP.




4)  Autotroph:  Autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.  These bottlebrush flowers use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food through photosynthesis.
 

5)  Calvin cycle:  The Calvin cycle is one part of photosynthesis in plants.  This process occurs in the chloroplast of C3 plants.  Plants such as this mandarin orange tree undergo the three phases of the Calvin cycle: 1) carbon fixation, 2) reduction, and 3) the regeneration of RuBP.

7)  Catabolic:  A chemical reaction is catabolic when energy is produced by breaking molecules into smaller parts.  Living things such as this bear create energy through catabolic reactions.
 
8)  Cellulose:  Cellulose is a carbohydrate that is the main component of cell walls in green plants.  This bird of paradise is an example of an organism containing cellulose.
 

10)  Cohesion of water:  Cohesion is the property of water that allows multiple water molecules to “stick” together.  Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together in this pond.

15)  Enzyme:  Enzymes are a group of proteins that are produced by living cells to catalyze metabolic processes.  All living things, including this Heavenly Bamboo plant, produce enzymes.
 

17)  Glycogen:  Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose that is present in tissues to store energy.  All animals, including this koi, have glycogen in their bodies.

 
18)  Glycolysis:  Glycolysis is a process in cellular respiration that converts glucose into pyruvate.  All animals including this bobcat perform glycolysis.


19)  Heterotroph:  Heterotrophs are organisms that consume other organisms.  All animals, such as these turkey, are heterotrophs. 
 

20)  Homeostasis:  Homeostasis is the tendency towards a state of equilibrium by all elements in an organism’s body.  All living things, including this insect, perform homeostasis. 


27)  Kreb’s cycle:  The Kreb’s cycle is one part of cellular respiration in animals where pyruvate is converted into NADH, CO2, ATP, and FADH2.  All animals including this raven perform the Kreb’s cycle. 
 

28)  Lactic acid:  Lactic acid is an acid that can be produced during fermentation or anaerobic respiration.  Animals, such as this cat, experience lactic acid fermentation in their muscles and other parts of the body.  
 

30)  Phloem: The phloem of a plant is tissue that transports food (sucrose) and hormones throughout the plant.  The California live oak leaves in this picture contain phloem. 


31)  Phospholipid:  Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are made of two fatty acids, a glycerol, and a phosphate group.  They form bilayers and are divided into a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.  All eukaryotic cells, including the cells of this donkey, contain phospholipids in their cellular membranes.
 

33)  Stomata:  Plants perform the gas interchange through stomata, which are small pores on the epidermis of leaves.  In this process, the stomata allow carbon dioxide into the plant and push water vapor and oxygen out.  All plants, including this philodendron, have stomata.


35)  Territorial behavior:  Territorial behavior includes a variety of actions that animals use to protect their territory from others of the same species.  Tigers exhibit territorial behavior in order to protect themselves and surrounding resources and attract mates.
 

38)  Xylem:  The xylem of a plant is tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant.  This camellia's leaves contain xylem. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 


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