1) Adhesion
of water: Adhesion allows polar water
molecules to “stick” to other substances due to hydrogen bonding. The water droplets visible in this picture
are exhibiting adhesion to the leaves.
2) Anabolic: Chemical reactions that are anabolic construct
molecules from smaller units. Living
things such as this peacock build compounds through anabolic reactions.
3) ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the main molecule
used for short term energy storage in all living things. This coyote is an example of an organism that
produces ATP.
4) Autotroph: Autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis
or chemosynthesis. These bottlebrush flowers use
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food through
photosynthesis.
5) Calvin
cycle: The Calvin cycle is one
part of photosynthesis in plants. This
process occurs in the chloroplast of C3 plants.
Plants such as this mandarin orange tree undergo the three phases of the Calvin
cycle: 1) carbon fixation, 2) reduction, and 3) the regeneration of RuBP.
7) Catabolic: A chemical reaction is catabolic when energy
is produced by breaking molecules into smaller parts. Living things such as this bear create energy
through catabolic reactions.
8) Cellulose: Cellulose is a carbohydrate that is the main
component of cell walls in green plants.
This bird of paradise is an example of an organism containing cellulose.
10) Cohesion
of water: Cohesion is the property
of water that allows multiple water molecules to “stick” together. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together in
this pond.
15) Enzyme: Enzymes are a group of proteins that are produced by living cells to catalyze metabolic processes. All living things, including this Heavenly Bamboo plant, produce enzymes.
17) Glycogen: Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose that
is present in tissues to store energy.
All animals, including this koi, have glycogen in their bodies.
18) Glycolysis: Glycolysis is a process in cellular
respiration that converts glucose into pyruvate. All animals including this bobcat perform
glycolysis.
19) Heterotroph: Heterotrophs are organisms that consume other
organisms. All animals, such as these
turkey, are heterotrophs.
20) Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the tendency towards a state
of equilibrium by all elements in an organism’s body. All living things, including this insect,
perform homeostasis.
27) Kreb’s
cycle: The Kreb’s cycle is one
part of cellular respiration in animals where pyruvate is converted into NADH,
CO2, ATP, and FADH2.
All animals including this raven perform the Kreb’s cycle.
28) Lactic
acid: Lactic acid is an acid
that can be produced during fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Animals, such as this cat, experience lactic
acid fermentation in their muscles and other parts of the body.
30) Phloem:
The phloem of a plant is tissue that transports food (sucrose) and hormones
throughout the plant. The California live oak leaves in this
picture contain phloem.
31) Phospholipid: Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are
made of two fatty acids, a glycerol, and a phosphate group. They form bilayers and are divided into a
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
All eukaryotic cells, including the cells of this donkey, contain
phospholipids in their cellular membranes.
33) Stomata: Plants perform the gas interchange through
stomata, which are small pores on the epidermis of leaves. In this process, the stomata allow carbon
dioxide into the plant and push water vapor and oxygen out. All plants, including this philodendron, have stomata.
35) Territorial
behavior: Territorial behavior
includes a variety of actions that animals use to protect their territory from
others of the same species. Tigers
exhibit territorial behavior in order to protect themselves and surrounding
resources and attract mates.
38) Xylem: The xylem of a plant is tissue that
transports water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant. This camellia's leaves contain xylem.
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