Big Idea 2

23. Hydrophilic: A hydrophilic substance is water loving. Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to, and tend to dissolve in water. Pool chlorine is hydrophilic because it is attracted to water and is soluble in water. 

4. Autotroph: An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food by means of simple substances. The grass in the picture is an autotroph because it is able to make its own food from inorganic material for energy and survival. 

5. Calvin Cycle: The Calvin Cycle is the chemical reactions that occur in the stomata of Chloroplasts. It ultimately produces sugars and starch. In the picture, the calvin cycle is used in the plants to create these sugar - filled substances. 

16. Fermentation: Fermentation is a process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. When converting sugar to alcohol, alcohol fermentation occurs making carbon dioxide and ethanol. Beer is a byproduct of this, like in the picture above. 

6. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates are a macromolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Bread is one example of something that contains carbohydrates. 

32: Saturated Fat: A saturated fat is made up of triglycerides and has no double bonds between the carbons of the fatty acid chain. At room temperature, saturated fats are solid. Butter, like in the picture above, is a perfect example of a saturated fat, for it remains solid at room temperature. 

15. Enzyme: An enzyme is a catalyst. One of their many responsibilities is to digest food. If one is lacking the enzyme alpha - galactosidase, Beano can be taken as a supplement for it. 

24. Hydrophobic: Hydrophobic substances are water fearing. Hydrophobic molecules are non - polar and tend to like neutral molecules. Oil is an example of a hydrophobic substance for if it is put in a cup with water, it repels and separates from the water. 

8. Cellulose: Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose molecules. Cotton, like in the picture, is an example of cellulose because it is a primary structural fiber of plants. 

13. Endothermy: An endotherm is an organism that maintains its own body temperature and adjusts it accordingly. Tigers are an example of an endotherm, for they can survive in extremely cold conditions and much warmer climates as well. 

17. Glycogen: Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose used as a storage unit for energy in animals. Meat, pork in this picture, is an example of glycogen, which stores energy. 

37. Unsaturated Fat: Unsaturated Fats are fatty acids with at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain. Avocados are a natural fat that contains double bonds in the fatty acid chain. 

19. Heterotroph: A heterotroph is a an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth and energy. A wolf is an example of a heterotroph for they feed off of herbivores who consume autotrophs for energy. 

30. Phloem: Phloem is the organic tissue that carries nutrients to other parts of the plant. In the picture, the tissue is visible of the Honeysuckle that contains the phloem. 

33. Stomata: Stomata is a pore found in the epidermis of the leaf. The pore is bordered by guard cells responsible for regulating the size of the opening. On the bottom of the leaf the stomata is visible in the picture where carbon dioxide and water move in and out of the shrubbery, type bush thing. 

29. Long - day Plant: A long day plant is a plant that flowers only after being exposed to light periods longer than a certain critical length. Lettuce, like in the picture, is a long - day plant that especially flowers in the summer during hot days. 

14. Entropy: Entropy is the measure of disorder in a system. It is especially expressed in terms of heat loss or gain. Water boiling is an example of entropy because disorder is increasing as hydrogen molecules temperature rises. 

38. Xylem: The xylem is the roots of the tree in which nutrients are obtained in. It is a transport tissue in vascular plants. It functions as a water way as well. The xylem of this Maple tree is clearly visible at the very bottom in which it functions as a water way. 

3. ATP: ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate, is a nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. ATP nearly drives all living things. Sugar is used by the body to create ATP, in which it is turned into chemical energy for metabolism. 

27. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions used to generate energy through the oxidation. The lemon is an example of The Krebs Cycle in action to use enzymes to create lemons, in which can be used to make lemon juice, a byproduct of lemons.