22 and 23... seedless vascular plants,calvin cycle

these lovely leaves are an example of the Calvin Cycle(big idea 2 # 5), also know as light-independent reactions. It is a process that occours in the chloroplasts of plants and is when carbons from CO2 are incorperated one at a time to for 3C sugars that will later be stored as starch or turned into other macromolecules such as lipids or protiens. It is powered by ATP from light-reactions

this fern is an example of seedless vascular plants(big idea1 # 38). these plants reproduce by the use of spores and are gametophytes, containing no seeds(insightful commentary) and no flowers. They do, however, have xylem and phloem which makes them into vascular plants. They are one of the oldest plant species seen in fossiles.