Big Idea 2

1. adhesion of water- Adhesion is the property that water has that causes it to be attracted to other entities.The oxygen end of a water molecule has a negative charge and the hydrogen end has a positive charge. These attractions are what gives water the property of adhesion.

3. ATP- ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a high-energy molecule that almost every organism uses. ATP is created from sugars such as glucose when consumed by animals during the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the ETC. Plants create their own sugars to break down to form ATP during photosynthesis. Energy is released from ATP when it releases an inorganic phosphate and becomes ADP.

4. autotroph- An autotroph is an organism that is able to synthesize its own energy from inorganic substances. This Boxwood bush can make its own energy through the process of photosynthesis.

5. Calvin cycle- The Calvin cycle is located in the stroma of chloroplasts. During the Calvin cycle, CO2 enters in and leaves in the form of sugar which is used for energy. The leaves of this red wood have a Calvin cycle.

6. carbohydrate- Carbohydrates are formed from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Many foods humans eat contain carbohydrates, including: grains, fruits, vegetables, milk, candy, soft drinks, and pasta. Bread, being a grain, contains a good supply of carbohydrates.

7. catabolic- During respiration, plants may sometimes create heat instead of metabolic energy or carbon skeletons. This type of reaction is catabolic because the organism is releasing energy, in the form of heat.

8. cellulose- Cellulose is a chain of sugar molecules that gives cell walls their shape. Cellulose is found in the cell walls of leaves, stems, roots, and wood. This young palm tree has cellulose in its cell walls.

9. chitin- Chitin is a tough substance that primarily makes up arthropod exoskeletons and some fungi.

The wasp is an insect and arthropod and has a exoskeleton mostly made of chitin.

10. cohesion of water- Cohesion of water is a term used to describe the property that water has to stick to other water molecules. Because of surface tension and water molecules have a negative oxygen end and a positive hydrogen end, they are able to stick to each other. This causes the little water "bubbles" from drops of water.

11. denaturation- A denaturation of proteins involves a change in the proteins in some way. When frying an egg, the proteins start to unravel a bit, changing their shape. The heat of the stove causes the clear egg whites to become white and more solid.

12. ectothermy- An ectothermic organism is a cold-blooded animal that regulates its own body heat from its surroundings. Ectotherms include: reptiles (such as this lizard), amphibians, and fish.

13. endothermy- Endothermic organisms are warm-blooded animals that can regulate their own body heat warmer than their surroundings. Endotherms include mammals (such as the mice) and birds.

14. entropy- Entropy is the measurement of disorder in a system. The boiling of water causes the water molecules to spread apart and to become steam. The amount of entropy in boiling water is a lot greater than that of "room temperature" or cold water.

16. fermentation- Fermentation is a chemical reaction in which complex organic compounds become simpler substances. Cheese is created by the fermentation of milk.

17. glycogen- Glycogen is a carbohydrate storage used by animals as a long time energy storage. The main location of where glycogen is stored is in the liver.

19. heterotroph- Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain carbon from consuming organic substances. All animals (such as the birds) heterotrophs.

20. homeostasis- Homeostasis is the ability for an organism to modify its internal conditions so that it stays more healthy and certain functions are more stabilized. One example of homeostasis, in the human body, is that humans (and other mammals) are able to maintain a regular temperature inside the body.

32. saturated fat- Saturated fat is a fatty acid that is made up of a carboxyl end with a string of carbons. Each carbons' bonds are maxed out with two hydrogen atoms attached to each. Foods with a high content of saturated fats are: butter (shown above), cheese, nuts, whipped cream, and processed meat.

33. stomata- The stomata are small openings, which are usually found on the bottom of leaves, that gases are exchanged through. The leaves of this Azalia plant have stomata.

37. unsaturated fat- Unsaturated fat is a fatty acid with a carboxyl end and a string of carbons. However, one of the carbons is double bonded to another carbon so that they both only have one hydrogen bonded to them. Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. Foods that contain unsaturated fats are: olive oil (shown above), salmon, almonds, and avocados.