Big Idea 2: Energy I

#1 Adhesion of water is the tendancy of water to be electrically atracted to other hydrophilic substances. In the photo above, a bead of water dangles from a finger. It does not drop, however, because the water's attraction to the finger is stroner than gravity (at the moment).

#3 ATP, or adenesine triphosphate, is an extremely important molecule in many living organisms because it elicits reactions to occur. It is responsible for growing, moving, digesting, and many more. In the photo, a woman walks on a tred mill, using ATP synthesized in her cells to help her move.

#4 Autotrophs are organisms that synthesize their own food, meaning that they do not rely on consuming other organisms for survival. The palm tree (above) is an example of an autotroph. Its broad leaves capture the sunlight so that its cells can photosynthesize (the process of synthesizing sugar, using sunlight).

#6 A carbohydrate, or carb, is a macromolecule that is made up of chains of sugars. Flour is a main ingrediant of bread. Fluor is composed of many grains and seeds that have been grined up. Thus, since plants have carbs and grains and seeds come from plants, bread is full of carbohydrates.

#7 A catabolic is that which releases energy and breaks down substances. Fire is an example of a catabolic reaction because it releases energy (light and heat). Additionally, it burns the wick.

#8 Cellulose is a polysachride of 1-4 glucose chains that is mostly used in plant cell walls. Philodeadons like the one shown above are one in many plant species that use cellulose to their make cell walls.

#10 Cohesion is water's natural atraction to other water molecules, making hydrogen bonds. In the picture, a needle rests on the surface of a glass of water instead of sinking. This is made possible because the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water are strong enough to hold together beneath the miniscule weight of the needle; thus, the needle does not sink.

#15 An enzyme is a large biomolecule that catalyzes most biological reactions. Each Enzyme is extremely specific and complex. One common enzyme is saliva. In the above picture, dog saliva is seen after it had eaten and drank water. Saliva is an enzyme that helps animals, in this case a dog, break down food for digestion.

#16 Fermentatiion is the process of converting sugar into another compound with the absence of oxygen. In this photograph is a nice bottle of Chardonnay, an alcoholic drink. Alcohol is the product of many bacteria's annerobic respiration from a process called alcohol fermentation.

#18 Glycolysis is the biological process of breaking down sugars to  make ATP. The black laborador above is eating its food. Eventually, the food will be digested and used in glycolysis so the dog will have energy to live.

#19 A heterotroph is an organism that is dependant on consuming other organisms to survive. One example of a heterotrph is the club tailed iguana because it eats fruits and veggetables, along with small animals and insects.

#21 A hypertonic solution is whatever has a higher concentration of solutes in a solution in relation to the outside. A dry sponge, for example, when placed in a tub of water, would be considered hypertonic in relation to the rest of the tub.

#22 A hypotonic solution is whatever has a lower concentration of solutes in a solution in relation to the outside. The wrinkled fingers in the photograph are hypotonic in relation to the outside because they are soaked up with water while the outside has very little water.