4. Autotroph: (phototroph/hedge) A plant exemplifies an autotroph, which is defined as a self-feeder. In the case of a leafy hedge, a phototroph, the sun is used to create food for the plant.
6. Carbohydrate: (bread) Bread represents carbohydrates because bread contains high levels of carbs, which are macromolucules used mostly for energy storage and structure.
8. Cellulose: (monrovia bush) Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, including the example below. Cellulose is a long chain of linked sugar molecules.
9. Chitin: (portabello mushroom) Chitin is a long-chained polysaccharide which is often found in the shells of invertebrates. Fungi, such as mushrooms, possess cell walls composed of chitin.
10. Cohesion of Water: (water droplets) Cohesion is defined as the attraction of water for other water molecules as a result of hydrogen bonds. as is demonstrated in the picture, water droplets, when placed at a short distance, will quickly bond with adjacent water droplets.
12. Ectothermy: (wolf spider) Ectotherms are organisms commonly described as cold-blooded, since their body temperature is greatly effected by environmental conditions. Wolf spiders are examples of ectotherms, needing to change environment depending on the seasons to maintain optimum body temperature.
13. Endothermy: (sheep) An endotherm, such as a sheep, is a warm-blooded animal, meaning that the animal regulates its own body temperature internally instead of relying on shelter or sunlight.
14. Entropy: Entropy is the general tendency of the universe toward disorder, or the state of disorder itself. The picture below shows the general disorder of a teenage bedroom.
16. Fermentation, Lactic Acid: (cheese) Lactic acid fermentation is a process in which sugars are broken down for cell energy, producing lactate. Cheese, for example, is produced by exposure to lactic acid bacteria.
19. Heterotroph: (horse) A heterotroph is an organism that must sustain itself by other organisms. A horse, for example, must sustain itself on grasses or hay in order to fuel its bodily processes.
23. Hydrophilic: (salt) A hydrophilic substance us one that has an attraction to and is often dissolved by water. Kosher salt in particular dissolves in cold liquids, due to it's hydrophilic tendency of low-energy water absorption.
24. Hydrophobic: (vegetable oil) Hydrophobic substances are defined as water-fearing. Oil, for example, is a non-polar substance, tending to other neutral or non-polar substances. Water, being a polar substance, is repulsive to it.
29. Long Day Plant: (lettuce) A long day plant is a flowering plant whose flower(s) open only after a minimum-hours' exposure to sunlight. The flowers of varieties of lettuce, for example, open after a certain amount of time exposed to sunlight.
30. Phloem: (sap) Phloem is defined as the substances in a plant transported throughout the plant in a downwar direction. Sap is among the substances transported as phloem.
32. Saturated Fat, Butyric Acid: (butter) Saturated fat is a fat chain possessing no kinks caused by double bonds. Butyric acid is a fatty acid found in animal milk and butter, such as that in the picture.
33. Stomata: (leaf) Stomata are the openings in the underside of most leaves which allow gases in or out of the plant. The picture below shows the underside of a leaf, a surface covered in stomata.
34. Transpiration: (plant) Transpiration is a process in plants during which gases are let in and out of the plant through stomates depending on temperature or air and water pressure, such as the plant shown below.
35. Unsaturated Fat: (olive oil) Unsaturated fat is composed of fat chains containing kinks caused by double bonds. Olive oil is composed of these kinked unsaturated fats.
36. Xylem: (maple syrup) Xylem is the substance in plants that the plant transfers in an upward direction. Maple syrup is produced from xylem tapped from maple trees.
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