Big Idea 2

1. Adhesion of water: Adhesion is the tendency of water to stick to other objects. This fork has water droplets hanging from its tips, showing that water sticks to other surfaces in adhesion.

4. Autotroph: Autotrophs are organisms that use natural resources to produce their own source of food. This small deciduous tree is an autotroph because it uses sunlight and nutrients from the ground to produce its own food.

10. Cohesion of water: Cohesion of water describes the tendency of water to stick to itself and conglomerate into drops. This water drop shows the property of cohesion.

12. Ectothermy: Ectothermy is the ability to maintain body temperature by absorbing heat from the environment. Fish are ectotherms and maintain their internal body temperature by use of the water around them.

13. Endothermy: Endothermy is the ability of organisms to maintain their internal body temperature by an internal mechanism. This giant ant eater is an endotherm because it maintains its internal body temperature through an internal system.

14. Entropy: Entropy describes the state of molecules in a space. The state of molecules in entropy is complete disarray. Boiling water is an example of entropy because all of the molecules are so heated and moving so fast that they are in total disarray.

15. Enzyme: Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of processes that sustain life. Milk contains many enzymes, such as lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats.

16. Fermentation: Fermentation is a process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol. In bread, the fermentation by yeast allows the bread to rise.

17. Glycogen: Glycogen is the form in which most animals store energy. Animals such as this white-handed gibbon utilize glycogen to store energy in the form of chemical bonds.

19. Heterotroph: Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must thus rely on consuming other sources of food to feed itself. Cats are examples of heterotrophs because they cannot produce their own food.

20. Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the process by which animals, such as this black and white ruffed lemur, maintain internal equilibrium by regulating physiological processes.

 23. Hydrophilic: Something that is hydrophilic displays properties that suggest it favors and does not reject water. Salt is a hydrophilic substance because it dissolves in water and does not repel it.

24. Hydrophobic: Hydrophobic substances, such as this peanut oil, tend to dislike water and have a strong affinity against it. When placed with water, the oil will immediately repel it.

27. Kreb's (citric acid) cycle: The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the cell that breaks down food molecules into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Citric acid itself is an important intermediate in the cycle and is found it abundance in the juice of oranges. 

28. Lactic acid: Lactic acid is a carboxylic acid used in various biological processes. The primary way to produce yogurt is through lactic acid fermentation with harmless bacteria. The bacteria produce lactic acid in milk which cause it to congeal and give it a distinctive taste.

30. Phloem: The phloem is the living tissue which carries nutrients to all parts of a vascular plant. In this English Rose bush the phloem system transports nutrients to the plant, essentially keeping it alive.

32. Saturated fats: Saturated fats are characterized by the fact that their fatty acids contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and contain no double bonded carbon atoms in their carbon backbones. Butter exemplifies the molecular state of saturated fats because it is able to remain a solid at room temperature.

 33. Stomata: Stomata are pores found on the epidermis of leaves which allow for gas exchange. The leaves on this chokeberry bush each have these microscopic pores and use them for the transfer of gases in and out of the leaf.

37. Unsaturated Fat: Unsaturated fats are characterized by the fact that their fatty acid chains are not fully saturated with hydrogen atoms and contain carbon-atom double bonds. The relative inability of unsaturated fats to stack and conglomerate allow it to become a liquid, like this olive oil.

38. Xylem: The basic function of the xylem system is to transport water, but in common with the other method of vascular plant transportation, the phloem system, it can transport some nutrients. The xylem system in this camellia japonica distributes water throughout the plant system and helps to maintain the structure of the plant turgid.