Big Idea 2

1. Adhesion of water: Adhesion is the property of water that allows water to "stick" to other polar molecules because of hydrogen bonding. Here water is sticking to the leaves and grass.

2. Anabolic: Anabolic describes the process by which energy is consumed to create larger items out of smaller subunits.These apple trees use energy from the sun to make raw materials into sugars.

3. ATP: ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate and is the "currency" for intercellular energy transfer. This weed uses ATP for energy and if eaten by an organism the sugars inside of it would be used to make ATP in the predator.

4. Autotroph: An autotroph is an organism that produces sugars for energy from raw materials and the energy from sunlight. This oak tree is an example of an autotroph because it uses the energy from the sun to make usable energy.

5. Calvin Cycle: The Calvin Cycle is the portion of photosynthesis that is light independent and turns carbon dioxide and other compounds into sugar. This Golden Hinoki False Cypress uses the Calvin Cycle to create sugars.

8. Cellulose: Cellulose is an organic compound used to make cell walls in plants. This Harry's Lauder's Walking Stick uses cellulose in its cell walls.

10. Cohesion of water: Cohesion is the property of water molecules to stick to other water molecules because of hydrogen bonding. The property of cohesion creates a surface tension that allows the leaf in the picture to float.

12. Ectothermy: An ectotherm is an animal that is unable to warm its own body and must use outside heat sources such as the sun. When in nature this boa snake uses the sun to warm its body.

13. Endothermy: Endotherms are organisms that have an internal heat source from stored energy and do not rely on the sun. This horse makes its own heat.

14. Entropy: Entropy is the measure of disorder in a system. Entropy always increases unless energy is invested to decrease it. Here an ice cube and water in it liquid form are shown. The liquid water has more entropy than the ice cube because it is more disorderly and has less free energy.

16. Fermentation: Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. Wine like that pictured in this bottle was originally grape juice but was fermented to become an alcoholic beverage.

19. Heterotroph: A heterotroph is an organism that gets energy by consuming other organisms. These bearded dragons get energy by eating bugs and vegetables.

20. Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the process by which animals monitor bodily conditions and make sure they stay constant. This chameleon is resting under a heat lamp so that its body remains constantly warm.

23. Hydrophilic: Hydrophilic describes polar and ionic molecules that dissolve in water. The salt in the picture is hydrophilic because it is ionic and dissolves in water.

24. Hydrophobic: Hydrophobic describes non-polar molecules that aggregate away from water. The oil on top of the water is hydrophobic and will not mix with the water.

27. Kreb's (citric acid) cycle: The Kreb's cycle is the process by which sugars are broken down into carbon dioxide, energy, and other products. This Banggai Cardinal uses the Kreb's Cycle to make energy.

31. Phospholipid: Phospholipids are lipids that have a nonpolar tails and a polar phosphate group as the head. Phospholipids' tails meet with the heads sticking out on both side. Enough phospholipids can create a phospholipid bilayer as in cell membranes.This rat's cell membranes are composed of phospholipids.

32. Saturated fat: Saturated fats are fats that contain no doubled bonds carbon atoms and have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. The white part of this steak is saturated fat. This known because saturated fat is solid at room temperature.

33. Stomata: Stomata are pours in leaves used to control the exchange of gases and the evaporation of water. This Arbutus Marina plant has stomata to control these things.

37. Unsaturated fats: Unsaturated fats are fats that contain one or more doubled bonded carbon atoms and do not have the maximum amount of carbon atoms. The oils inside of these nuts are unsaturated because they are liquid at room temperature.