Big Idea 2

1. Adhesion of water: Adhesion is water's ability to stick to other polar substances. The drop of water is stuck to the leaf through adhesion.

4. Autotroph: An autotroph is an organism that produces its own sugars by turning simple substances into complex compounds. The thyme plant is using photosynthesis to make its own chemical energy. 

5. Calvin cycle: The calvin cycle is a process in photosynthesis that turns carbon dioxide and some other chemical compounds into glucose. The lemon tree uses photosynthesis to make its own chemical energy, so it uses the calvin cycle.

6. Carbohydrate: A carbohydrate is a macromolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Starch is a polymer of carbohydrate, and starch can be found in flour.

8. Cellulose: Cellulose is an organic compound that makes up the cell wall of plants. The leaves of this orange tree contain cellulose in their cell walls.

10. Cohesion of water: Cohesion is water's ability to stick to itself through hydrogen bonds. The water in the bird bath is held together because of cohesion. 

16. Fermentation: Fermentation is the metabolic process that turns sugars into acids, gases, or alcohols. Ethanol fermentation makes alcohol, which is a component in this wine. 

23. Hydrophilic: A substance that is hydrophilic has an attraction to water. Salt is hydrophilic because it makes bonds with water molecules.

24. Hydrophobic: A substance that is hydrophobic is not attracted to water and does not form bonds with the water molecules. Olive oil is hydrophobic because it is isolated from the water through hydrophobic exclusion when it is placed in it. 

29. Long-day plant: A long-day plant is one that flowers when the length of the day exceeds their photoperiod. A potato is a long-day plant. 

30. Phloem: The phloem is the part of the plant that carries nutrients. In the trunk of this oak tree, the phloem is the innermost layer of bark. 

32. Saturated fat: A saturated fat is made of triglycerides that contain saturated fatty acids. Butter contains a high amount of saturated fat. 

33. Stomata: A stoma is a pore found on the epidermis of leaves that allows the transport of gases. They are usually found on the bottom of the leaves, like the ones on this bush.  

37. Unsaturated fat: An unsaturated fat is made of triglycerides that contain one or more double bonds. An avocado contains many unsaturated fats.

38. Xylem: The xylem transports water and nutrients in vascular plants. This maple tree is a vascular plant so it has a xylem.  

15. Enzyme: An enzyme is a molecule that speeds up chemical reactions. Pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain. 

14. Entropy: Entropy is the total disorder in a system. The leaves show a decrease in entropy because they have been organized into a pile. 

12. Ectothermy: Ectotherms, also called cold-blooded animals, are organisms in which internal heat sources do not control body temperature because it is controlled by environmental heat sources. This lizard is a cold-blooded animal, so it is an ectotherm. 

13. Endothermy: Endotherms, also called warm-blooded animals, are organisms in which internal heat regulates body temperature. This mouse is a warm-blooded animal, so it is an endotherm. 

19. Heterotroph: A heterotroph is an organism that cannot perform photosynthesis to obtain energy, so it has to eat other organisms to gain its energy. A bird is a heterotroph because it eats organic matter to get energy.