1. Diploid: if an organism is diploid, is has two a pair if each chromosome, causing it to have twice the normal amount. This number in humans is 46. The box-wood hedge shown is at a full stage of development and only has cells with half the number of chromosomes during periods of reproduction.
2. Ethylene: ethylene is a hydrocarbon used as a plant hormone to force the ripening of fruits. It is a colorless, highly flammable gas with a musky odor. Apples sold from grocery stores often contain ethylene to force the fruit to continue to ripen after being picked.
3. Eukaryote: a eukaryote is any organisms that contains cells with a nucleus and any other structure help within a membrane. A pear is a fruit made up of thousands upon thousands of individual cells, each with a nucleus and several other functional organelles in each cell.
5. Gamete: a gamete is a haploid cell that that merges with another during fertilization to create a new cell with a unique DNA sequence. The inside of an unfertilized chicken egg is an example of a gamete because it has half the amount of chromosomes as a living chicken and serves as the female egg that develops into a chick when fertilized by a male.
6. Haploid: a haploid cell has the same amount of chromosomes as in the gamete. This is half of the amount of chromosomes as are in a diploid cell and, in humans, is equal to 23. A pea can viewed as haploid because it is an egg of sorts with half the amount of chromosomes as the pea plant.
14. Mitosis: mitosis is the process in which a cell divides through a series of steps to create two new cells with half the amount of chromosomes as the parental cell before replication.
16. Phenotype: the phenotype of an animal is the animals visible traits as a result of dominant vs. recessive alleles that appear in their genotype. Though both of the goats come are from the same species, they have look different because they have different phenotypes.
17. Pollinator: a pollinator is an organism that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma as a way to accomplish fertilization. A black bee is a key component in the transfer of pollen from one plant to another.
19. Seed Dispersal Method: seeds are dispersed via four methods; wind dispersal, animal dispersal, mechanical dispersal, and water dispersal. These are all different ways for the parental plant to create a population of its offspring in as many locations as possible. The typha shown disperses its seeds using the wind by causing its light seeds to fall of, which are easily carried by the wind.
20. Tropism: tropism is the phenomenon is which a plant that has been hit by a disaster, such as it being uprooted, orients itself in a way that allows it so survive. An example of this would be a fallen tree growing upwards, what was originally to the side, to provide the leaves with direct sunlight. The black-berry bush that is shown lives even after being hacked back by wrapping around the grape vines to stop from being killed.
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