2. Anabolic reactions build up complex molecules from simpler ones. This giraffe uses anabolic reactions to build up carbohydrates from simple sugars.
4. Autotrophs are animals that produce their own energy and complex compounds from converting energy available in their surroundings (photosynthesis/chemiosynthesis). This tree is an example of an autotroph.
5. The Calvin cycle, also known as carbon fixation is performed in plants to convert C02 and H20 into organic molecules usable by the plant for energy and other functions. These grasses are examples of plants that use the calvin cycle.
6. Carbohydrates are biomolecules made out of simple sugars used by animals for short term energy storage. One can find carbohydrates in this soda.
7. Catabolic reactions break down more complex molecules into simpler ones. Digestion overall is considered catabolic. This kookaburra performs catabolic reactions when it digests food.
8. Cellulose is a key component of plant cell walls. Cellulose is found in these grass blades.
9. Chitin is a main component of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods. These fungi on the dead log contain chitin.
12. Ectotherms are organisms that regulate their body temperature by absorbing heat from the environment. This iguana is an ectotherm.
13. Endotherms are organisms that regulate their body temperature through internal mechanisms. Aslan here, I mean lion, is an endotherm. Do you want to hear a joke about Aslan? Well too bad, its narnia business.
14. Entropy is a measure of disorder. Natural systems move from order to disorder, a key concept of entropy. An example of entropy is this water bottle condensing from liquid to gas: the longer it gets, it will increase in entropy it will be in because the location of gas particles are less uniform than water molecules.
15. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions and increase their rate. Kangaroo Jack over here (minus the red sweatshirt and minus the Jack) uses enzymes digests his food so he can have enough energy to keep kicking people.
16. Fermentation converts carbodhydrates into acids or alcohols such as lactic acid or ethanol. Yogurt, pictured, is produced by milk fermented by bacteria. The bacteria converts lactose into lactic acid.
17. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that animals and fungi use to store energy, in the liver and muscle cells. This pit viper uses glycogen to store energy.
18. Glycolyis is the first stage of cell respiration in which glucose is converted into two pyruvate molecules. This red panda's (on tree branch, rather hard to see) cell respiration cycle includes glycolysis.
19. A heterotroph obtains carbon by eating other organisms. This salamander eats other organisms, usually insects, to obtain necessary carbon.
20. Homeostasis is the process of a cell or organism maintaining stability internally. This warthog uses homeostasis to stabilize its water, energy, and other internal resources.
27. The kreb's cycle is a part of cell respiration in mitochondria. The kreb's cycle produces ATP, NADH, and CO2 from acetyl-CoA. These canadian geese and their young use the kreb's cycle as part of their cell respiration.
31. Phospholipids are the main component of all cell bilayer membranes. These ribs of a cow contain phospholipids in the membranes of their cells.
32. Unsaturated fats are fats that have one set of double-bonded carbons which creates a kink in the structure at the bond and makes it impossible to saturate to the max the number of hydrogens. There are lots of unsaturated fats in this ice cream.
37. Saturated fats are fats that have single bonded carbons, allowing a maximum amount of hydrogen atoms to attach. This half & half cream contains saturated fats.
Big Idea 2 complete. 80 points total now.
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